In our time, when we are accustomed to monetary transactions, it is hard to imagine how our ancestors conducted exchanges without money. However, history shows that in Ukraine, there existed a barter system where goods were traded for other goods.
For instance, for one clay pot, one could receive two chickens, one hundred eggs, or five loaves of bread. Yet, as noted by Ukrainian historian Alexander Alferov, not all pots were equal in size and quality, raising questions about the fairness of such exchanges.
There are mentions that for pots, payment was made "on measure," meaning that the amount of grain given was equivalent to what the pot could hold. This practice was common 200-300 years ago and even persisted 100 years ago. This indicates that clay pottery was not only a household item but also a significant element in economic terms.
Fairs also played a crucial role in the buying and selling of pots. At such events, potters offered their goods at affordable prices – a ceramic pot cost about 2-3 kopecks. Fairs became a place where producers and consumers met, promoting the development of trade and economic relations within society.
Clay pots were made from a special type of fireproof clay. Different regions of Ukraine employed various manufacturing and firing techniques, which affected the quality and durability of the pots. Potters adhered to traditional methods of shaping on a foot-powered wheel and firing in kilns. Depending on the firing technique, the color of the finished product could vary from yellow to red.
Bartering not only fulfilled people's needs in everyday life but also strengthened social bonds between communities. For example, during major holidays or fairs, people gathered not just for trading but also for socializing and sharing news. This created an atmosphere of unity and mutual assistance.
Thus, purchasing goods in a cashless era was a complex process, requiring skill in trade. This tradition has left a significant mark on the history of Ukrainian culture and economy.
Previously, "Telegraph" reported on how buckwheat conquered Ukraine. Interestingly, the name of this crop sparks numerous discussions among researchers.