Freedom Square: A century of transformation in Kharkiv's heart (photos, videos).

On November 8, Russian forces once again attacked Kharkiv, delivering three strikes on the city. One of these targeted Freedom Square yet again — the historical and cultural heart of Kharkiv. The explosion occurred near the dry fountain, in the central part of the square, between the buildings of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University.

Freedom Square is a significant place for the residents of Kharkiv and one of the most recognizable landmarks in the city. Over different eras, it has transformed, reflecting a series of events, architectural styles, and periods.

In light of recent events, "Telegraph" decided to delve into the archives and present a collection of historical photographs showcasing the square's appearance throughout the years. This serves as a reminder not only of the cultural value of the square but also of the turbulent times that Kharkiv is experiencing today.

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Kharkiv's central square ranks sixth in size in Europe and twelfth in the world. Throughout its existence, it has undergone numerous name changes. Initially known as Veterinary Square, it was later renamed Dzerzhinsky Square, then during the German occupation — German Army Square and SS Leibstandarte Square. After the occupation, the square was once again named after Dzerzhinsky, and following Ukraine's independence, it became Freedom Square.

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Established in the early 1920s, the square quickly became a vital architectural and social hub of the city. Over time, buildings in the constructivist style emerged around the square, followed by the construction of the famous House of State Industry — a striking example of avant-garde architecture and the first multi-story building with a reinforced concrete frame in the USSR. The House of State Industry became a symbol of industrial progress and prosperity.

During World War II, the square was partially destroyed but was later restored and expanded. In the post-war years, numerous cultural and administrative buildings were constructed around the square, including the buildings of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University.

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In the 1990s, the square was renovated and has since remained a venue for public events, celebrations, and concerts, as well as rallies and protests. On September 12, 2008, the band Queen + Paul Rodgers performed a concert at Freedom Square. This musical event gathered estimates ranging from 150,000 to over 350,000 spectators.

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For a long time, the largest statue of Lenin in Ukraine stood tall in the center of the square. However, on September 28, 2014, activists in Kharkiv dismantled it.

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Despite the efforts of Russian military forces to destroy one of Kharkiv's landmarks, Freedom Square remains one of the most cherished places for the city’s residents.

Previously, "Telegraph" reported on how Darnytsia in Kyiv looked over 120 years ago.